旗袍,设计师的灵感来源
  当代国内外时装设计师的许多作品中有旗袍的影子。这些作品有的很明显地借用了旗袍的某一组成元素,有的则,抽象地揉和进“旗袍精神”,同样具有很强的识别性。
  最能体现旗袍精神的要素是廓形。衣裳连属、适体收腰,廓形所表现出的柔美曲线,经过半个多世纪的演变,沉淀下来,成为旗袍最稳定的元素。领、襟、开衩等细部也是很有特色的旗袍元素。这些细部特征虽不算是旗袍的专利,但只有作为旗袍的组成元素才被看作是美的、和谐的,进而成为设计师的灵感来源。
  领子是个变化微妙却又事半功倍的细部。旗袍的领,经历了从高到低再到无的全过程。领不仅有高低之分,还按角度分为倾斜式和圆筒式,领角也有圆有方,两截领片或分或合,都是小中见大、画龙点睛之笔。
  旗袍的襟开在右边,早期是一条方直的折线,后期逐渐圆顺,变成弧线。襟的形态与旗袍的其他元素相辅相成。比如清式旗袍,宽袍大袖,严冷方正,衣襟有棱角、有转折,这样有利于整体和谐。民国旗袍曲线玲珑,襟的形态也相应柔顺起来,变成一条弧线。这些都可以给设计师一些启发。
  旗袍开衩始于1933年,1934年便几近臀下,此后忽高忽低,与袍摆的升降共同构成流行的晴雨表。现代时装中的“旗袍裙”,开衩的位置可以不受传统的限制,高低疏密,但求符合美的法则。
  另外,旗袍含蓄的曲线造型和东方格调也深深影响了西方的设计大师们,激发出他们许多创作灵感来。
  活跃于60-70年代的皮尔·卡丹(Prerre Cardin),也 是一位崇尚旗袍的 世界级服装设计大 师。他曾说:“在我的晚装设计中,有很大一部分作品的灵感来自中国的旗袍。”此外,日本的三宅一生,意大利的瓦伦蒂诺(Valentino),也都尝试过旗袍的造型。旗袍领、旗袍开衩的方式更是在时装秀和设计大赛中一而再、再而三地出现。旗袍能够恰到好处地显现女性的曲线美,这也就是时装设计中所谓的“高贵的单纯”,这种单纯的式样虽然不如西方裙服那么复杂多装饰,但却尤能反映人自身的美,这种美来自于身材和气质,使人感到愉快。正因为如此,旗袍独特的审美趣味才突破了国界,被全世界所接受和赞赏。
  在这款巴黎高级女装中,“旗袍精神”附着于中式立领和肩部造型。设计师将腰部处理得十分巧妙,上衣的图案与整体造型和谐统一。揉和进“旗袍精神”的高级时装传递出的韵味,看不见摸不着,但却感觉得到。这件宝蓝色长衫有丝一般的质感,柔软的立领包附着模特儿细长的颈项,圆顺柔和的肩部造型,低垂的倒大袖,由省线延伸下来的开衩分寸得当,在这里,一切都是柔和的。
  前卫的夜礼服也有与传统的交叉,的“透空风貌”中那些旗袍的影子,拉近了过去和未来的距离。的廓形和高开衩与传统旗袍同出一辙,而面料则选用了当今大受设计师青睐的莱卡。它优良的弹力和悬垂性更有利于勾勒人体曲线,真是绝佳的旗袍面料。
  旗袍是一个经典的宝库,从中汲取灵感见仁见智。着眼点不同,设计意图不同,借鉴和发挥的手段也不同。“旗袍精神”只有一个,旗袍时装却千姿百态。
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